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"""
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Smart Card Communication Library
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Unified cross-platform library for smart card communication.
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REQUIRES: pyscard (pip install pyscard)
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See README.md for platform setup instructions.
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"""
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import platform
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import sys
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# Constants
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DEFAULT_IOCTL_CODE = 3500 # CCID escape command IOCTL code for smart card readers
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# Try to import smartcard library with platform-specific error handling
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try:
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from smartcard.System import readers
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from smartcard.util import toHexString
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from smartcard.CardConnection import CardConnection
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from smartcard.scard import (
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SCARD_SCOPE_USER, SCARD_S_SUCCESS, SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT,
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SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0, SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1, SCARD_PROTOCOL_UNDEFINED,
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SCARD_LEAVE_CARD, SCARD_CTL_CODE, SCardEstablishContext,
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SCardConnect, SCardControl, SCardDisconnect, SCardReleaseContext,
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SCardGetErrorMessage
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)
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import smartcard.Exceptions
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except ImportError:
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error_msg = "pyscard library not found!\n\n"
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system = platform.system()
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if system == "Darwin": # macOS
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error_msg += "For macOS, install using:\n"
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error_msg += " pip install pyscard\n\n"
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error_msg += "Note: PCSC framework should be pre-installed on macOS."
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elif system == "Linux": # Ubuntu/Linux
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error_msg += "For Ubuntu/Linux, first install system dependencies:\n"
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error_msg += " sudo apt-get install pcscd libpcsclite1 libpcsclite-dev\n"
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error_msg += " sudo systemctl start pcscd\n"
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error_msg += " sudo systemctl enable pcscd\n\n"
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error_msg += "Then install Python package:\n"
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error_msg += " pip install pyscard"
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else: # Windows
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error_msg += "For Windows, install using:\n"
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error_msg += " pip install pyscard\n\n"
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error_msg += "Note: Windows Smart Card API should be available by default."
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print(error_msg)
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if sys.stdout.isatty():
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input("Press Enter to exit...")
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sys.exit(1)
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def list_readers():
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"""
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List all available smart card readers.
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Returns:
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List of reader objects.
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"""
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try:
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reader_list = readers()
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return list(reader_list)
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except smartcard.Exceptions.NoReadersException:
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return []
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Error listing readers: {str(e)}")
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return []
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def parse_command_string(hex_string):
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"""
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Parse a hexadecimal string into a list of bytes.
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Args:
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hex_string: Hex string (spaces optional)
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Returns:
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List of integers representing bytes
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Raises:
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ValueError: If string contains invalid characters or has odd length
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"""
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hex_string = hex_string.replace(" ", "")
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if not all(c in '0123456789ABCDEFabcdef' for c in hex_string):
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raise ValueError("Invalid characters in hex string. Use hexadecimal values only.")
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if len(hex_string) % 2 != 0:
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raise ValueError("Hex string length must be even (each byte is 2 hex digits).")
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return [int(hex_string[i:i + 2], 16) for i in range(0, len(hex_string), 2)]
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# ============================================================================
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# CONNECTION FUNCTIONS
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# ============================================================================
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def connect_to_reader(reader, mode='share', protocol='auto'):
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"""
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Connect to a smart card reader.
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Args:
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reader: Reader object from list_readers() or reader name string.
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mode: 'share' for APDU communication (default), 'direct' for escape commands.
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protocol: 'auto' (default), 't0t1', or 'undefined'.
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Returns:
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tuple: (connection, error_msg, context).
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"""
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if reader is None:
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return None, "Reader is None.", None
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protocol_map = {
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't0t1': SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1,
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'undefined': SCARD_PROTOCOL_UNDEFINED,
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'auto': (SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1) if platform.system() == "Darwin" else SCARD_PROTOCOL_UNDEFINED
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}
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protocol_value = protocol_map.get(protocol, protocol_map['auto'])
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if mode == 'share':
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try:
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connection = reader.createConnection()
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connection.connect(CardConnection.T0_protocol | CardConnection.T1_protocol if protocol_value == (SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1) else None)
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return connection, None, None
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except smartcard.Exceptions.NoCardException:
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return None, "No card in reader. Please insert a smart card.", None
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except Exception as e:
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return None, f"Connection error: {str(e)}", None
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elif mode == 'direct':
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hcontext = None
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connection_successful = False
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try:
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hresult, hcontext = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER)
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if hresult != SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
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return None, f"Context setup failed: {SCardGetErrorMessage(hresult)}", None
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reader_name = str(reader) if not isinstance(reader, str) else reader
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hresult, hcard, _ = SCardConnect(hcontext, reader_name, SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT, protocol_value)
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if hresult == SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
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connection_successful = True
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return hcard, None, hcontext
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else:
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return None, f"Failed to connect: {SCardGetErrorMessage(hresult)}", None
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except Exception as e:
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return None, f"Exception connecting: {str(e)}", None
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finally:
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if hcontext and not connection_successful:
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try:
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SCardReleaseContext(hcontext)
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except:
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pass
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else:
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return None, f"Invalid mode: {mode}. Use 'share' or 'direct'.", None
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def disconnect_reader(connection, hcontext=None):
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"""
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Disconnects from a smart card reader and releases context if applicable.
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Args:
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connection: CardConnection object (APDU mode) or card handle (escape mode).
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hcontext: The established context handle for direct connections.
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"""
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try:
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if connection is None:
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return
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# pyscard returns CardConnectionDecorator, not CardConnection directly
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if hasattr(connection, 'disconnect'):
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connection.disconnect()
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else:
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SCardDisconnect(connection, SCARD_LEAVE_CARD)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Error disconnecting from reader: {str(e)}")
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finally:
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if hcontext:
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try:
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SCardReleaseContext(hcontext)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"Error releasing context: {str(e)}")
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# ============================================================================
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# COMMAND FUNCTIONS
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# ============================================================================
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def send_command(connection, command, mode='apdu', ioctl_code=DEFAULT_IOCTL_CODE):
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"""
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Send a command to a smart card device.
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Args:
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connection: CardConnection object (APDU mode) or card handle (escape mode).
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command: Hex string (APDU mode) or byte array/list (escape mode).
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mode: 'apdu' for APDU commands, 'escape' for escape commands.
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ioctl_code: IOCTL code for escape commands (default: 3500 - CCID escape).
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Returns:
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For APDU mode: (success, response, sw1, sw2, error_msg).
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For escape mode: (success, response, error_msg).
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"""
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if mode not in ('apdu', 'escape'):
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raise ValueError(f"Invalid mode: {mode}. Must be 'apdu' or 'escape'")
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if connection is None:
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error_msg = "No connection. Please connect to a reader first."
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return (False, [], 0, 0, error_msg) if mode == 'apdu' else (False, [], error_msg)
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try:
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if mode == 'apdu':
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apdu = parse_command_string(command)
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response, sw1, sw2 = connection.transmit(apdu)
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return True, response, sw1, sw2, None
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elif mode == 'escape':
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IOCTL_CCID_ESCAPE = SCARD_CTL_CODE(ioctl_code)
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hresult, response = SCardControl(connection, IOCTL_CCID_ESCAPE, command)
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return (True, response, None) if hresult == SCARD_S_SUCCESS else (False, response, SCardGetErrorMessage(hresult))
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else:
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error_msg = f"Invalid mode: {mode}. Use 'apdu' or 'escape'."
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return (False, [], 0, 0, error_msg) if mode == 'apdu' else (False, [], error_msg)
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except ValueError as e:
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error_msg = f"Invalid command format: {str(e)}"
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return (False, [], 0, 0, error_msg) if mode == 'apdu' else (False, [], error_msg)
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except Exception as e:
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error_msg = f"Transmission error: {str(e)}"
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return (False, [], 0, 0, error_msg) if mode == 'apdu' else (False, [], error_msg)
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# ============================================================================
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# UTILITY FUNCTIONS
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# ============================================================================
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