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+"""PCSCReader: concrete reader class for PCSC Readers
+
+__author__ = "gemalto https://www.gemalto.com/"
+
+Copyright 2001-2012 gemalto
+Author: Jean-Daniel Aussel, mailto:jean-daniel.aussel@gemalto.com
+
+This file is part of pyscard.
+
+pyscard is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+pyscard is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with pyscard; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+"""
+
+from smartcard.CardConnectionDecorator import CardConnectionDecorator
+from smartcard.Exceptions import (
+    CardServiceNotFoundException,
+    CardServiceStoppedException,
+    NoCardException,
+)
+from smartcard.pcsc.PCSCCardConnection import PCSCCardConnection
+from smartcard.pcsc.PCSCExceptions import (
+    AddReaderToGroupException,
+    EstablishContextException,
+    IntroduceReaderException,
+    ListReadersException,
+    ReleaseContextException,
+    RemoveReaderFromGroupException,
+)
+from smartcard.reader.Reader import Reader
+from smartcard.scard import (
+    SCARD_E_DUPLICATE_READER,
+    SCARD_E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE,
+    SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE,
+    SCARD_E_SERVICE_STOPPED,
+    SCARD_S_SUCCESS,
+    SCARD_SCOPE_USER,
+    SCardAddReaderToGroup,
+    SCardEstablishContext,
+    SCardIntroduceReader,
+    SCardListReaders,
+    SCardReleaseContext,
+    SCardRemoveReaderFromGroup,
+)
+
+
+def __PCSCreaders__(hcontext, groups=None):
+    """Returns the list of PCSC smartcard readers in PCSC group.
+
+    If group is not specified, returns the list of all PCSC smartcard readers.
+    """
+
+    if groups is None:
+        groups = []
+    elif isinstance(groups, str):
+        groups = [groups]
+    hresult, readers = SCardListReaders(hcontext, groups)
+    if hresult != SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
+        if hresult == SCARD_E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE:
+            readers = []
+        elif hresult == SCARD_E_SERVICE_STOPPED:
+            raise CardServiceStoppedException(hresult=hresult)
+        elif hresult == SCARD_E_NO_SERVICE:
+            raise CardServiceNotFoundException(hresult=hresult)
+        else:
+            raise ListReadersException(hresult)
+
+    return readers
+
+
+class PCSCReader(Reader):
+    """PCSC reader class."""
+
+    def __init__(self, readername):
+        """Constructs a new PCSC reader."""
+        Reader.__init__(self, readername)
+
+    def addtoreadergroup(self, groupname):
+        """Add reader to a reader group."""
+
+        hresult, hcontext = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER)
+        if SCARD_S_SUCCESS != hresult:
+            raise EstablishContextException(hresult)
+        try:
+            hresult = SCardIntroduceReader(hcontext, self.name, self.name)
+            if hresult not in (SCARD_S_SUCCESS, SCARD_E_DUPLICATE_READER):
+                raise IntroduceReaderException(hresult, self.name)
+            hresult = SCardAddReaderToGroup(hcontext, self.name, groupname)
+            if SCARD_S_SUCCESS != hresult:
+                raise AddReaderToGroupException(hresult, self.name, groupname)
+        finally:
+            hresult = SCardReleaseContext(hcontext)
+            if SCARD_S_SUCCESS != hresult:
+                raise ReleaseContextException(hresult)
+
+    def removefromreadergroup(self, groupname):
+        """Remove a reader from a reader group"""
+
+        hresult, hcontext = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER)
+        if SCARD_S_SUCCESS != hresult:
+            raise EstablishContextException(hresult)
+        try:
+            hresult = SCardRemoveReaderFromGroup(hcontext, self.name, groupname)
+            if SCARD_S_SUCCESS != hresult:
+                raise RemoveReaderFromGroupException(hresult, self.name, groupname)
+        finally:
+            hresult = SCardReleaseContext(hcontext)
+            if SCARD_S_SUCCESS != hresult:
+                raise ReleaseContextException(hresult)
+
+    def createConnection(self):
+        """Return a card connection thru PCSC reader."""
+        return CardConnectionDecorator(PCSCCardConnection(self.name))
+
+    class Factory:
+        """Factory to create PCSCReader objects"""
+
+        # pylint: disable=too-few-public-methods
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def create(readername):
+            """Return a PCSCReader object"""
+            return PCSCReader(readername)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def readers(groups=None):
+        """Return the list of readers"""
+        if groups is None:
+            groups = []
+        creaders = []
+        hresult, hcontext = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER)
+        if SCARD_S_SUCCESS != hresult:
+            raise EstablishContextException(hresult)
+        try:
+            pcsc_readers = __PCSCreaders__(hcontext, groups)
+        finally:
+            hresult = SCardReleaseContext(hcontext)
+            if SCARD_S_SUCCESS != hresult:
+                raise ReleaseContextException(hresult)
+
+        for reader in pcsc_readers:
+            creaders.append(PCSCReader.Factory.create(reader))
+        return creaders
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from smartcard.util import toHexString
+
+    SELECT = [0xA0, 0xA4, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02]
+    DF_TELECOM = [0x7F, 0x10]
+
+    _creaders = PCSCReader.readers()
+    for _reader in _creaders:
+        try:
+            print(_reader.name)
+            connection = _reader.createConnection()
+            connection.connect()
+            print(toHexString(connection.getATR()))
+            data, sw1, sw2 = connection.transmit(SELECT + DF_TELECOM)
+            print(f"{sw1:02X} {sw2:02X}")
+        except NoCardException:
+            print("no card in reader")