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+"""CardConnectionDecorator that provides exclusive use of a card.
+
+__author__ = "https://www.gemalto.com/"
+
+Copyright 2001-2012 gemalto
+Author: Jean-Daniel Aussel, mailto:jean-daniel.aussel@gemalto.com
+
+This file is part of pyscard.
+
+pyscard is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
+(at your option) any later version.
+
+pyscard is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+along with pyscard; if not, write to the Free Software
+Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+"""
+
+import smartcard.pcsc
+from smartcard.CardConnectionDecorator import CardConnectionDecorator
+from smartcard.Exceptions import CardConnectionException
+from smartcard.pcsc import PCSCCardConnection
+from smartcard.scard import (
+    SCARD_LEAVE_CARD,
+    SCARD_S_SUCCESS,
+    SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE,
+    SCardConnect,
+    SCardDisconnect,
+    SCardGetErrorMessage,
+)
+
+
+class ExclusiveConnectCardConnection(CardConnectionDecorator):
+    """This decorator uses exclusive access to the card during
+    connection to prevent other processes to connect to this card."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cardconnection):
+        CardConnectionDecorator.__init__(self, cardconnection)
+
+    def connect(self, protocol=None, mode=None, disposition=None):
+        """Disconnect and reconnect in exclusive mode PCSCCardconnections."""
+        CardConnectionDecorator.connect(self, protocol, mode, disposition)
+        component = self.component
+        while True:
+            if isinstance(
+                component, smartcard.pcsc.PCSCCardConnection.PCSCCardConnection
+            ):
+                pcscprotocol = PCSCCardConnection.translateprotocolmask(protocol)
+                if 0 == pcscprotocol:
+                    pcscprotocol = component.getProtocol()
+
+                if component.hcard is not None:
+                    hresult = SCardDisconnect(component.hcard, SCARD_LEAVE_CARD)
+                    if hresult != SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
+                        raise CardConnectionException(
+                            "Failed to disconnect: " + SCardGetErrorMessage(hresult)
+                        )
+                hresult, component.hcard, _ = SCardConnect(
+                    component.hcontext,
+                    str(component.reader),
+                    SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE,
+                    pcscprotocol,
+                )
+                if hresult != SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
+                    raise CardConnectionException(
+                        "Failed to connect with SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE"
+                        + SCardGetErrorMessage(hresult)
+                    )
+                # print('reconnected exclusive')
+                break
+            if hasattr(component, "component"):
+                component = component.component
+            else:
+                break